Analysis Of The Last of the Mohicans - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 514 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/08/15 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: The Last of The Mohicans Essay Did you like this example? In the late 1750s, three European trappers look after two daughters, Cora and Alice Munro, of a British Lieutenant Colonel Munro during the time of the French and Indian War. The last two members of a dying Native American tribe, the Mohicans, these two individuals, Uncas, his father Chingachgook, and additionally their adopted half-white brother, Hawkeye. They lead a the daughters and their bodyguard to see their father, but are mislead by Chief Magua of the a Huron tribe. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Analysis Of The Last of the Mohicans" essay for you Create order Then Hawkeye accuses Magua of betraying the group by leading them the wrong way. The Mohicans attempt to capture the traitor, but he escapes. Hawkeye and his friends continue to lead the group to safety, but allies of the Huron attack them the next morning. The group escapes down the river, but the Hurons manage to kidnap the sisters, Alice and Cora, and their bodyguards. Heyward attempts to convert Magua to the white ways, he reveals that he seeks vengeance against the Colonel Munro for demeaning him and tries to make a deal saying that hell free Alice, only if Cora will marry him. However Cora had already developed romantic feelings for Uncas and refuses to be with Magua. Then Hawkeye and the Mohicans come to rescue the group and killing every Huron, Magua escapes. After a challenging journey that has been disturbed by Indian attacks, the group finally reaches Fort William Henry. The Europeans declare truce, which is when Munro learns that he isnt going receive reinforcements which makes him surrender. He exposes that Coras mother was part african which explains her physical features to Heyward. Munro then implies that Heyward is racist because he prefers to marry a blonde, Alice, over Cora, but Heyward denies this. During the withdrawal of the English troops from Fort William Henry, the Native American allies of the French allow themselves to prey upon the retreating soldiers. In the midst of the battle, Magua manages to kidnap Cora, Alice, and Gamut and runs away into the forest. Heyward, Hawkeye, Munro, and the Mohicans came upon Maguas trail and begin to try and catch the villain. Gamut reappears and explains that Magua has divided his prisoners, imprisoning Alice to a Huron camp and sending Cora to a Delaware camp. Using a variety of disguises, the group manages to rescue Alice, this is when Heyward confesses his interest in her. At the Delaware village, Magua lies and says that Heyward and the crew are their racist enemies. Uncas reveals his high-ranking heritage to the Delaware and demands they release of all his friends. Magua and his Hurons suffer a painful conquer, but a Huron kills Cora. Uncas attacks the Huron who killed Cora, but Magua stabs Uncas in the back. Magua tries to leap across a big ditch, but he falls short and holds onto a plant. Hawkeye shoots him, and Magua finally dies. Cora and Uncas are buried the next day, Chingachgook mourns the loss of his son, while Tamenund sadly expresses that he has lived to see the last warrior of the noble race of the Mohican tribe.

The Issue Of Gmos Or Genetically Modified Organisms

Believe it or not, there was a time when what we put on our dining room table was fresh, simple, and real. Now, that fact is extremely difficult to wrap our heads around, especially those of the younger generations. Today there are multiple concerns about what we are putting into our bodies. With modern technology advancing at such a rapid rate, we are watching our food change at the same pace. Fresh fruits and vegetables have a much longer shelf life and the list of ingredients on packaged foods is growing exponentially. For decades, food companies have been removing fats from their products to fuel the â€Å"fat-free† craze, but what most consumers don’t realize is that ingesting these foods will ultimately lead to major†¦show more content†¦We as a country are sicker than ever, and the common denominator is the food we ingest. Heart disease, ever-growing waist bands, and childhood â€Å"adult-onset† diabetes are issues that are threatening the su rvival of our nation. Are we seeing the end of â€Å"real food†? â€Å"What is a GMO?† asked Jeremy Seifert, creator of the documentary â€Å"GMO OMG†, to several ordinary, everyday consumers on the street. The answers ranged from, completely clueless, to almost understanding what it means. The amount of people who admitted that they have no idea was appalling. Some people got as far as â€Å"genetically†¦I don’t know the rest.† and â€Å"genetically modified†¦.I forgot the last word†. Once informed of what the acronym stood for, Jeremy then asked these same individuals whether or not they would feel comfortable eating these types of products. The response was unanimous. â€Å"Absolutely not!† GMOs are living organisms whose genetic material has been artificially manipulated in a laboratory through genetic engineering. This relatively new science creates unstable combinations of plant, animal, bacteria and viral genes that do not occur in nature or through traditional crossbreeding methods. Virtually all commercial GMOs are engineered to withstand direct application of herbicide and/or to produce an insecticide. Despite biotech industry promises, none of the GMO traits currently on the market offer increased yield, drought tolerance,Show MoreRelatedBioethical Issues on Genetically Modified Organisms (Gmos) in Malaysia: Biting Into the Legal Protection Under the Biosafety Act 20074399 Words   |  18 Pages(2011) IACSIT Press, Singapore Bioethical Issues on Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) In Malaysia: Biting Into the Legal Protection under the Biosafety Act 2007 Assoc Prof. Dr. Zaiton Hamin Siti Hafsyah Idris Faculty of Law, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. Email: zaiton303@salam.uitm.edu.my, yasmin_yazid99@yahoo.com Abstract— Of late, a growing number of ongoing researches on Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) in Malaysia were the consequences of theRead MoreGenetic Engineering : Genetically Modified Organisms1485 Words   |  6 PagesA genetically modified organism, or â€Å"GMO,† is defined as being, â€Å"an organism or microorganism whose genetic material has been altered by means of genetic engineering.† This process is often used in plants and animals to produce desirable attributes. In the past, a plant with a desired attribute would be bred, by using selective breeding, to yield more plants with that desirable attribute. Now with the advancement of genetic engineering, this technique can be performed in a laboratory by moving orRead MoreBenefits Of Genetically Modified Organisms982 Words   |  4 PagesMMS 333 Public Relations and Marketing Prof. Carney GMO Pro-Con Assignment Introduction Created by splicing genes, Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) are organisms formed from biotechnology techniques (Millis, 2006). Many people have recently become concerned by the rising popularity of the GMO products. The central debate which has attracted controversy is whether the GMOs are beneficial or rather harmful to humankind. The embracement of GMOs as part of us has attracted as much support as criticismsRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms And Organic Organisms Essay1578 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract In this brief, the reader will see how organic and genetically modified organisms are viewed and interpreted. They will see the â€Å"facts† about the genetically modified organisms and organic organism, and how producers and consumers view this. The reader will be able to understand what is actually happening to genetically modified organisms and organic organisms during the production and when it is getting processed. They will also learn about certified organic and the USDA organic and howRead MoreThe Issue Of Genetically Modified Organisms Essay1043 Words   |  5 Pages Genetically Modified Organisms, also known as GMOs, is one of the major issues arising in our economy today. GMOs are distinctive organisms in which the genetic material has been altered to improve productivity and the quality of the product. Genetically modified organisms have prominent concerns over their apparent beneficial ways in that they’re resistant to disease, help the epidemic of famine, and improve the nutritional value of foods. Having certain foods in your everyday diet isRead MoreHuman Health And The Environment : Gmos1668 Words   |  7 PagesHealth and the Environment: GMOs Introduction: What is the issue? What is a GMO? If you were to ask your average person on the street, they would probably tell you that they know they’re bad, but don’t know what they are. Many people know it has something to do with â€Å"genetics† or â€Å"modification,† but what sort of genetics? And how or why are these things being modified? Put simply, GMO is an acronym for Genetically Modified Organism. GMO and genetically engineered organism are frequently used synonymouslyRead MoreBenefits Of Genetically Modified Foods1725 Words   |  7 PagesThere are always the pros and the cons. In recent years, genetically modified food has become more and more common. Yet, by becoming more common, they are also becoming a more debated topic. While most people think of the negative aspects of genetically modified foods, there are many advantages that people do not know about. Basically, people are afraid of what they don’t know. According to Nature.com, genetically modified organisms are organisms where â€Å"we can incorporate new genes from one speciesRead MoreGenetically Modified Organisms ( Gmo ) Essay1737 Words   |  7 PagesGenetically Modified Organisms The genetically modified organisms (GMO) correspond to plants, animals as well as microorganisms whose DNA has been altered. They are also known as transgenic, genetically manipulated, or engineered organisms. The intentional incorporation or deletion of their genes is intended to introduce or modify some of its characteristics. Although this has been seen as a great advantage by many scientists and supporters of this technology, transgenic organisms suppose a dangerRead MoreMarketing Schemes Of Monsanto, Major U.s. Pharmaceutical Corporations And Food Manufacturing Companies1572 Words   |  7 Pageswant to know if they are consuming food or using products containing Genetically Modified Organisms, GMO, according to the consumer reports organization. GMOs are organisms whose genetic material has been artificially manipulated in a laboratory through genetic engineering, or GE, according to the non-GMO project website. (nongmo project, what is a gmo) Scientist insert, delete, or s witch the DNA in certain organisms. Those organisms may be able to live longer, speed up the growth process, or withstandRead MoreEthical Dilemmas Associated With Gmo, And My Personal Viewpoint1224 Words   |  5 PagesFor thousands of years, genetically modification microorganism has affected many of the products humans eat every day. It began with the tameness of animals. As humans grew into an agricultural company, they start breeding different strains of plants looking to receive the best possible plants for sustenance for people. But as a scientific understanding of breeding and technology grew their methods of altering plants and animals changed. Instead, of breeding two similar types of creatures or plants

Analysis of Toyota Production System †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Analysis of Toyota Production System. Answer: Introduction Founded in 1937 by Kiichiro Toyoda, Toyota remains one of the leading Japanese Multinational automotive manufacturer companies in automobile sector located in Toyota, Aichi, Japan. Today, the company produces automobiles under five brands that include Toyota, Ranz, Lexus, Hino, and Daihatsu. Not only that, the company also holds 5.9% stake inIsuzu, and 16.66% stake inSubaru Corporation. In addition, it also has a joint-venture with two companies in China that includes Sichuan FAW Toyota Motor and GAC Toyota (Iyer, Seshadri, Vasher, 2009, pp, 57). In India, it has one joint-venture in India, Toyota Kirloskar and one joint venture in the Czech Republic, TPCA. As per experts, TMC is considered as an integral part of Toyota Group widely-known as one of the largest conglomerates throughout the globe. Currently, the company is considered as one of the largest automobile manufacturers and markets its automobiles on every continent. The strategic operation management remains one of the inte gral parts of the company with its Toyota way philosophy (Chase, Jacobs, Aquilano, 2007, pp.42). About Strategic operation management and key objectives Described as an area of management that is mainly concerned with designing as well as control of the process of production and redesign of the business operations in the production process of the products and services of an organization, the main focus of operation management is to ensure that the business operation of any organization such as Toyota remains efficient in terms of the optimization of the resources and meeting the requirements of the customers as far as possible (Krajewski, Ritzman, Malhorta, 2013, pp, 54). Not only that, the main objective of the operation management is concerned with an efficient management of the entire production system as a process that converts the required inputs such as energy, labor and raw materials into desired outputs includes products and services for the benefit of the customers (Poluha, 2016, pp.64). The operation management covers almost every sector of the economy such as health care sector, banking systems, and includes suppliers, th e use of technology and the customers and is involved in producing products, managing customer services, and quality of both (Cachon, Terwiesch, 2009, pp. 53). One of the major functions in any organization such as Toyota, it can be considered as par with other departments such as human resources, finance, marketing and supply chain managements. For efficiency purposes, the operation function requires the management related to both day-to-day production of products and services as well as strategic management (Cachon, Terwiesch, 2009, pp. 53). In this case, the strategic management can be described as the formulation as well as the implementation of major goals as well as the initiatives that have been taken by the top management of the owners based on its assessment of internal and external environments and the consideration of the resources (Cachon, Terwiesch, 2009). This management offers an overall direction to organizations and includes its objectives, the development of policies and plans that are specifically designed for the achievement of these objectives and then, allocate the requirement of the resources for implementation of the plans. The main focus of strategic management is to assist an organization and increase its performance through efficiency, flexibility, and improvement in the effectiveness of various processes (Cachon, Terwiesch, 2009). The main focus of strategic operation management is to satisfy the requirement of its customers for dependable and fast services at reasonable prices and assist its own suppliers in order to improve the service they offer to the company. This is achieved mainly by fulfilling its five key and basic performances and is applied in all types of operation (Cachon, Terwiesch, 2009). It is a fact that for achieving its strategic operation management strategies, a company first needs to define its corporate strategy and then, define its operational performance objectives (Ferrari, and Goethals, 2010). After that, the company needs to define various measures to determine if these operational objectives are being met. The next step is to configure its operating environment for accomplishing one key performance objective or all five key performance objectives and they are quality, costs, speed, flexibility, and dependability (Ferrari, and Goethals, 2010). About 5 key performance objectives The first key performance objective in the strategic operation management is known as the quality performance objective (Montgomery, 2012, pp.65). As per the experts, quality in strategic operation management is considered more than compliance to a particular specification and includes how well a product performs its intended function and includes reliability, durability, and innovativeness of its products. In addition, it also refers to easy access to service of the product as well as to the degree to which a product meets their requirement (Montgomery, 2012, pp.65). The next key performance objective in this type of management includes speed performance objectives and it refers to the rate with which an organization can generate products and services (Ferrari, and Goethals, 2010). Not only that, it also includes the rate at which an organization can deliver its products and services to the customers and how often this rate is maintained. The speed also refers to various concepts such manufacturing time of one unit of product or services as well as the time-period required by an organization to research and development a new product or service (Ferrari, and Goethals, 2010). The third key performance objective of strategic operation management is known as dependability performance objective and refers to the quality of company operation. It includes various issues such as production and delivery of the products and services on time and according to the specified prices (Fujimoto, and Miller, 2007). The objective of dependability of an organization is also measured through the ability of a product to function as expected and designed. Not only that, it also refers to its capacity of performing in a consistent manner over a reasonable time-period (Fujimoto, and Miller, 2007). The fourth key performance objective of strategic operation management is known as flexibility Performance Objectives. Some of the key issues in this performance objective are related to flexible operation process as required, for example, if an organization produces various types of products for the benefits of the customers, the manufacturing facilities should be configured the product lines to deal with the requirement of various products in the market. Not only that, the operations process should retain an ability to adapt to new requirement quickly. As per this performance objective, the company should be able to manufacture products with different product modifications at various quality levels as per requirement in the market. With this performance criterion, the systems should also be able to adjust to changing production volumes or new delivery schedules (Ferrari, and Goethals, 2010). The last and final key performance objective of strategic operation management also known as the most important objective that is known as cost performance objective. This performance objective refers to variation in one unit cost due to continued fluctuation in the volume of the product and services produced and manufactured by a manufacturer and it also include the variety of the products that have been manufactured by the manufacturer. As per experts, the cost is inversely proportionate to the units of the products as well the variety of the products that have been manufactured. For example, the cost of one unit decreases with the increase in the volume of the units and decrease in variety and vice versa (Ferrari, and Goethals, 2010). Further, the cost of one unit varies and affects running prices, product prices and profits. One of the best examples that illustrate the importance of the key performance objectives in the strategic objective management of any organization is how it affects Toyota, a leading Japanese Multinational automotive manufacturer companies in the automobile sector (Ferrari, and Goethals, 2010). Toyota and 5 key performance objectives Located in Toyota, Aichi, Japan, Toyota is famous as a leading Japanese Multinational automotive manufacturer companies in the automobile sector. Famous for its premier quality program, The Toyota Way, the main focus of the company remains a continuous improvement in every aspect of the company that also includes its operation department (Lee, Jo, 2007). As part of The Toyota Way, the five key performance objectives remain the core strategy of its production strategy (Lander, Liker, 2007). The first key operations performance objective related to TMC is as follows Quality operation key performance objective The definition of quality according to Toyota is to do the things right by providing the best and error-free products and services that result in satisfaction of the customers in the market. According to various case studies, Toyota brand and its products continue to get top ranking in various third-party customer-satisfaction surveys (Thun, Drke, Grbner, 2010). The company cars have also been voted as the car of the year by various market surveys and research studies for many years. Not only that since the adaption of The Toyota Way the products of the company are very popular throughout the world due to their innovative features, quality and reduced amount of emission when compared with any other car. In addition, the company continues to develop new technologies through its research and development (Thun, Drke, Grbner, 2010). Speed operation key performance objective According to Toyota, the speed operation key performance is related to minimization of the time between the orders of the customer its availability in the market for his or her benefit. It can be also defined as doing things at the fast rate (Radnor, Barnes, 2007). As the main focus of the company is to streamline various production process, it uses various techniques such as focused operations for reducing the complexity of the process such as the use of a small and simple machine that are also flexible and robust (Taylor, Taylor,, 2008). In addition, the management also simplifies the layout to achieve a good flow and enhance simplicity that further increases the speed of the production process. In this way, the company achieves two or three times higher production output per worker when compared with similar European or US automobile plants (Taylor, Taylor,, 2008). Dependability key performance objective When considered from Toyota point of view, the dependability key performance can be defined as fulfilling orders of the customers within the deadline of the promises that have been given. JIT or Just-in-timeremains an integral part of the company production system with some core concepts such as 'kanban control' and presence of multi-skilled workers who are committed to quality control and work as a team (Amasaka, 2007). Improvement in quality and efficiency remains the core working values not only of the technical experts and managers but also of every employee in the organization. By implementation of these values, TMC fulfils the dependability key performance objective (Wilhelm, Kohlbacher, 2010). Flexibility key performance objective Like any other company, Toyota offers a wide-range of product lines for fulfilling the requirement of different market segmentation groups. It is a fact that the quality and dependability is not enough if the taste or requirements of the customer change suddenly or at a slow rate (Wilhelm, Kohlbacher, 2010). For fulfilling the changing customer taste, as part of its Toyota way philosophy, the company retains the flexibility to change its production process in a very short-term time-period. Not only that as the organization continues to launch innovative features at the regular intervals, it retains the capability to modify its products at various quality levels and is quite capable of adjusting its production system to changing production volumes or new delivery schedules (Wilhelm, Kohlbacher, 2010). Cost key performance objective The last and most important key performance objective in any company, the main focus is to cut the cost of operation and increase the margin of the profit. The main focus of Toyota philosophy, The Toyota Way, is to streamline the production process, increase quality control and reduce the cost of one unit of the product that is being manufactured (Rutledge, Xu, Simpson, 2010). This core concept and process are solely devoted to cut the cost of the product even when the organization is producing a variety of products for the benefit of the customers and the company has achieved a significant success in its endeavor (Rutledge, Xu, Simpson, 2010). Conclusion The main focus of the operation management is to achieve the efficient control of production as well as redesigning of the business operations in the production process. The operation management is concerned with daily processes as well as the strategic area of the topic. One of the best examples of the operation management can be related to The Toyota Way, mainly concerned with efficient and quality production performance process. For achieving this purpose, there are five key performance objectives such as cost, flexibility, speed, dependability and quality that remain the main causes of meeting the requirements of the customers and that, in turn, ensure the success of any organization such as Toyota in the market. References Amasaka, K., (2007). Applying New JITToyotas global production strategy: Epoch-making innovation of the work environment.Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing, 23(3), pp.285293. Cachon, G., Terwiesch, C. (2009).Matching supply with demand: An introduction to operations management. Irwin Professional Pub, pp. 53. Chase, Jacobs, Aquilano, (2007), Operations Management: For Competitive Advantage, McGraw-Hill pp.42. Ferrari, B.T. and Goethals, J., 2010. The art of innovation.McKinsey Quarterly,16(3), pp.1-12. Fujimoto, T. and Miller, B., 2007.Competing to Be Really, Really Good: the behind-the-scenes drama of capability-building competition in the automobile industry(Vol. 22). International House of Japan. Iyer, A., Seshadri, S., Vasher, R. (2009).Toyota supply chain management: A strategic approach to Toyota's renowned system. McGraw Hill Professional, pp. 57. Krajewski, L.J., Ritzman, L. P. and Malhorta, M.J. (2013),Operations Management: Processes and Supply Chains. 10th ed., Pearson, pp.54. Lander, E. Liker, J.K., (2007). The Toyota Production System and art: making highly customized and creative products the Toyota way.International Journal of Production Research, 45(16), pp.36813698. Lee, B.H. Jo, H.J., (2007). The mutation of the Toyota Production System: adapting the TPS at Hyundai Motor Company.International Journal of Production Research, 45(16), pp.36653679. Montgomery, D.C.,(2012),Statistical Quality Control: A Modern Introduction, 7th edition, pp.65. Poluha, R.G. (2016), The Quintessence of Supply Chain Management: What You Really Need to Know to Manage Your Processes in Procurement, Manufacturing, Warehousing and Logistics (Quintessence Series),First Edition, Springer Heidelberg, pp.64. Radnor, Z.J. Barnes, D., (2007), Historical analysis of performance measurement and management in operations management.International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 56(5/6), pp.384396. Rutledge, J., Xu, M. Simpson, J., (2010). Application of the Toyota Production System Improves Core Laboratory Operations.American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 133(1), pp.2431. Taylor, M. Taylor, A., (2008). Operations management research in the automotive sector.International Journal of Operations Production Management, 28(6), pp.480489. Thun, J.C.B.-H., Drke, M. Grbner, A., (2010). Empowering Kanban through TPS-principles an empirical analysis of the Toyota Production System.International Journal of Production Research, 48(23), pp.70897106. Wilhelm, M.M. Kohlbacher, F., (2010). Co-opetition and knowledge co-creation in Japanese supplier-networks: The case of Toyota.Asian Business Management, 10(1), pp.6686.

Physical Education Essay Example

Physical Education Essay The Spartans and Athenians were the first to have a type of physical education. Though very different, both systems served the people and supplied their needs. The Spartan system was similar to dictatorship, a form of government. At the age of seven, boys were taken to learn basic military skills while living in barracks. When they reached the age of fourteen, they began learning group fighting tactics which would allow them to succeed while in the military from the ages of twenty to thirty. Once thirty, the men could then marry a women who had been doing some training of her own in order to make strong babies. The philosophy of the Spartans was basically to allow them to invade other countries if desired, and to prevent other countries from invading them. The philosophy of the Athenians was quite different compared to the Spartans. The Athenian culture was very democratic, and focused on training of the mind and body. Reading and writing was a large part of society as well as physical activity which took place in the center of the city where the gymnasium was located. The physical education philosophy of the Athenians was the high point of physical education for many years. Some other cycles in physical education that we have evolved from are that of the Romans, the dark ages, and the crusades. The Roman era is a bit disturbing, but is nonetheless a cycle of physical education. Physical education for the Romans was about athletics, which was primarily about entertainment. People were forced to fight to the death, and oftentimes fed to lions. During the dark ages, religion viewed physical education as a waste of time and a work of the devil. The dark ages were a very sedentary time for human civilization. We will write a custom essay sample on Physical Education specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Physical Education specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Physical Education specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Following the dark ages in approximately 1096, were the crusades. The crusades were a time of muscular Christianity, because of the Muslims conquering Jerusalem. Muscular Christianity is basically Christians believing that the more one trained to become good soldiers, the more Christian a person was. In 1270, the crusades ended and so did the thought of physical education being worthwhile until approximately 1400 when the renaissance period began. Physical education during the renaissance period is quite similar to physical education today. It is done to better oneself, not to be doing something for someone else. The development of physical education had another setback in the 1600s when it was very functional and not a priority. People believed that if it did not have a specific purpose, than it was a waste of time. During the 1700s, there was a big change in physical education that can be largely attributed to three people: Rousseau, Johan Simon, and Guts Muths. Rousseau was the first person to promote education for the masses and he also thought of play as being educational. In 1712, Rousseau invented an activity that is still used by millions of children everyday, recess. Johan Simon was the first physical education teacher and believed physical education should be taught along with reading and writing. Simon believed physical education should include a lot of physical labor. Guts Muths developed a series of gymnastic apparatuses and believed physical education developed very important social skills. These people of the 1700s and the things they did began paving the road to where we are today. During the 1800s, physical education programs were finding their way into universities which contributed to many things we have today. New sports were being invented, intramurals were being brought into schools, women began exercising, gymnasiums could be found in most colleges, and many recreational areas and parks were being built in order to decrease the crime rate. This continued on into the 1900s which brought on the creation of the National Collegiate Athletic Association to regulate college athletics, and the golden age of sports during the 20 and 30s. During this golden age of sport, the number of people in sport increased dramatically, the number of teachers increased, and physical education began moving toward the involvement of sport. In 1941, World War II began which brought a big shock along with it. Of the first 2 million males drafted, 45% failed their physical. With this, physical education began to be very strongly pushed in schools in order to improve the health of the American people. Since W. W. II, the United States has continued to press the importance of  physical education, which brings it to where it is today, a highly complex field with many different sub-disciplines. The sub-disciplines are: Exercise physiology, which is the study of bodily systems and their reactions to the stress of exercise. Kinesiology, which is the study of how the muscular system moves the bony structure of the body. Biomechanics, which is the study of the human body as a mechanical system, utilizing principles and applications from physics. Motor learning, which is the changes in motor performance related to experience and practice. Sport sociology, which is the social structure, social patterns, and social organization of groups engaged in sport. Sport Psychology, which is the stud of behavioral and psychological issues and problems in sport. Sport pedagogy, which is the study of the processes of teaching and coaching, the outcomes of such endeavors, and the content of fitness, physical-education, and sport-education programs. (Siedentop) These sub-disciplines have created many new jobs for people in the field of education, and will surely branch off to form others in the future. Physical education has definitely come a long way since the Spartans and Athenians. From an authoritarian type system to promoting lifespan physical education with many sciences studying the different intangibles of physical education in order to better the mind and body. These new sciences have obviously broadened the umbrella of physical education, but when looking to the future, there really is no end in sight. The growing umbrella will continue getting larger as new thoughts and ideas come, and with them, new sciences also. Definition of Physical Education PHYSICAL EDUCATION is an educational course taken during primary and secondary level, and even tertiary level that encourages psychomotor learning in a play or movement exploration setting to promote health. It is also defined as a process of learning through physical activities designed to improve physical fitness, develop motor skills, knowledge and behavior of healthy and active living, sportsmanship, and emotional intelligence. Thus,  Physical Education is not only aimed at physical development but also includes the development of the individual as a whole. 2. Concepts of physical education Physical Development Objective deals with the program of activities that builds physical power in an individual through the development of the various organic systems of the body. Motor Development Objective concerned with making physical movement useful and with as little expenditure of energy as possible and being proficient, graceful, and aesthetic in this movement. Mental Development Objective deals with the accumulation a body knowledge and the ability to think and to interpret this knowledge. Social Development Objective concerned with helping an individual in making personal adjustments, group adjustment, and adjustments as a member of society. 3. What are the legal basis and related activities in physical education? The legal basis of physical education is stated in the 1987 Constitution, Article XIV Section 19. (1) The State shall promote physical education and encourage sports programs, league competitions, and amateur sports, including training for international competitions, to foster self-discipline, teamwork, and excellence for the development of a healthy and alert citizenry. (2) All educational institution shall undertake regular sports activities throughout the country in cooperation with athletic clubs and other sectors. Related Activities aerobic running archery badminton bowling weight training fencing soccer golf gymnastics handball mountain biking pilates self-defense volleyball. Physical Education Essay Example Physical Education Paper 1. What is â€Å"Physical Education†? Physical education (often abbreviated Phys. Ed. , P. E. , or PE) or gymnastics (gym or gym class) is an educational course taken during primary and secondary education that encourages psychomotor learning in a play or movement exploration setting to promote health. 2. Objectives of PE. * PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT Through the carefully selected physical an individual who participates actively will develop and maintain good health and a high level of physical fitness. The acquisitron of physical skills can motivate an individual to participate, further in physical activities hence his growth and development will be enhance. * SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT Participation in the physical education activities provides opportunities for the development of desirable social traits needed for adjustment to the social life in general. Some worth while traits are friendliness, cooperation, respect for the rights of others, good sports worship, honesty in group competition * EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT The informal nature of physical education activity offers opportunities for self-expression and emotional mastery. example of traits are: self confidence, self control, self- reliance, courage, determination. * MENTAL DEVELOPMENT Through participation in physical education activities the individual develops his mental capacities as he learns the mechanical principles underlying movement, as he acquired knowledge and understanding of rules and strategies of games and sports, and as he discovers ways of improving his movements in gymnastics and dance. 3. Brief history of PE. If several hundred years from now archaeologist were investigating our Prev Page  society, they would find endless examples of sport in the United States: stadiums, swimming pools, running shoes, hockey sticks, skis, baseball gloves, posters of sports stars, etc. Even today a basic survey of our country would reveal sports and physical education everywhere: We will write a custom essay sample on Physical Education specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Physical Education specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Physical Education specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Little League baseball, Physical Education classes, Special Olympics, neighborhood basketball, jogging, and televised professional sports. Various forms of sport and physical education have been around since the late 1400s and have only gained momentum and recognition in the centuries that followed. One of the first men to recognize the importance of physical activity in school curriculum was Johann Bernard Basedow in Germany. He included gymnastics as part of the daily curriculum devoting up to three hours per day to educating through the physical. Basedow required a specific uniform for his students so they could have unrestricted movement. He also offered a camp for two months during the summer for his students. In 1810 Friedrich Jahn, the father of gymnastics, began working outdoors with his students using simple exercises and games sometimes taking long hikes. The thing that motivated Jahn to develop a system of physical training was his deep sense of patriotism. Germany had been soundly defeated in the Napoleonic wars. So, he developed his system with the hopes of creating strong, sturdy and fearless youth who would help secure Germanys freedom and could defend the Fatherland from outside forces. Charles Beck who was a student, friend and follower of Friedrich Jahn teamed up with a friend and they made their way to Switzerland, France and eventually America. George Bancroft who had opened the Round Hill School in America had been looking at and studying the German system and immediately hired Beck to teach Latin and Physical Education in the form of German gymnastics. So, Beck became the first official Physical Education teacher in America in 1825. Historical Timeline (1800s) 776 BC: First ancient Olympiad is held 1814 Denmarks Bill of 1814 establishes first ever mandatory physical education 1823 Catherine Beecher founds Hartford seminary for girls with American Style Calisthenics (early form of aerobics) 1823 Round Hill School Opens. 1825 Charles Beck becomes first Physical Education Teacher at Round Hill School. 1861 The Normal Institute of Physical Education is founded in Boston. 1866 California becomes first state to pass Physical Education legislation 1891 James Naismith invents Basketball 1896 First Modern Olympics is held in Athens, Greece 4. Values of PE. PE also helps students learn about their abilities, aptitudes, limitations, and potential. It provides opportunities for students to: develop creativity, positive attitudes toward physical activity, assume more personal and social responsibility, and meet performance obligations as individuals and in groups. 5. Legal Basis of PE. Article 14 section 19 of the Philippine Constitution 1) The State shall promote physical education and encourage sports programs, league competitions, and amateur sports, including training for international competitions, to foster self-discipline, teamwork, and excellence for the development of a healthy and alert citizenry. (2) All educational institutions shall undertake regular sports activities throughout the country in cooperation with athletic clubs and other sectors. 6. Health Benefits of PE. Physical education programs in schools directly benefit students physical health. Getting the recommended amount of exercise combats obesity, which subsequently reduces the risk for diabetes, heart disease, asthma, sleep disorders and other illnesses. Regular exercise also contributes to cardiovascular health and promotes muscle and bone development. According to the National Association for Sport and Physical Education, school PE programs should require both fitness and cognitive assessments. In addition to participating in physical activity, students in PE learn the fundamentals of a healthful lifestyle, the building blocks upon which they can develop into healthy, knowledgeable adults. 7.4 types of development. * Physical development is the obvious type of development within a PE lesson. Physical exercise is a very important part of life to keep us fit and healthy into our old age. If physical activities are incorporated into the lives of people from a young age, it is much more likely they will carry it on when they get older. People need to develop physically by developing muscles, by toning and strengthening them and also develop cardiovascular fitness for healthy heart and lungs. * Socially, physical education helps people develop bonds with others; particularly whilst participating in team sports. The act of working together as part of a team and using team mates as a support network both on and off the field helps people develop socially and form friendships with like-minded individuals. * Emotionally and mentally, physical education can be a form of therapy for individuals. Using up unused energy can help release stress and tension. The sense of achievement after completing a physical education session can also boost self esteem; particularly after performing well in competitions or simply reaching a personal goal.

American Identy in the World essays

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Argentina Crisis essays

Argentina Crisis essays To truly understand the Argentina Crisis you must first know what has happened with their government within the past two years. Argentina has been in a terrible recession for the past four years. IN December 1999 newly elected president Fernando De La Rua vowed to restore the economy. Then the budget was not looking so good. Economy minister, Jose Luis Machina predicted the budget to over shoot the 5.2 billion dollar target by 10%. In March Machina said forget this and quit, to be replaced by Ricardo Lopez Murphy. Murphy steps right in presenting a tough 4.45 billion dollar two year austerity program with deep cuts in education. Distraught by these policies six government officials quit in protest and force Murphy to resign. In March 2001 Domingo Cavallo a former economy minister is appointed to try to restructure the economy. In the past two years Argentines have seen way too many faces slide through offices. This caused people to start to lose trust and hope in their government. Soon after Cavallos appointment the stock market crashes and three rating agencies slash Argentinas credit ratings. In July 2001 Murphys austerity bills are passed. Slashing state salaries and pensions by 13% and forcing an end to budget deficits. Argentines trust in their government is now completely lost. In November of that year people withdrew almost 1.3billlion dollars from their bank accounts. This worried Cavallo, so he ordered a restriction on the amount of money the pubic is allowed to withdraw from their bank accounts. This was also done to help out the banks. The pension funds that were taken are now being transformed into treasury bonds or government backed loans to pay service debts. Argentina now is in total crisis. Unemployment has risen to 18.3% and all unions are calling a strike. In December 2001 another official quits, Finance secretary Daniel Ma ...

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